BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY-II

Course Description

In this course the structure, function and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids will be discussed. Classes of hormones, mechanisms of hormones and hormonal regulation will be studied. There will be a focus on cellular respiration and homeostasis including Tricarboxylic AcidCycle (Kreb’s cycle), Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Ketogenesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway.The regulation of these pathways as well as their energy usage and enzymatic mechanisms will also be studied. Additionally, the cellular stress response will be covered along with free redicals, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, mitochondrial and oxidative stress with examples from disease pathogeneses.

BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY-II

Evaluation Tools (Active Term)

No evaluation items have been defined.

Course outcomes

1. 01 By the completion of the course the students should be able to: 1. Be able to understand biochemical basis of major biochemical systems and reactions.
2. 02 2. Be able to comprehend DNA, RNA, nucleic acid structure/funtion relationships and protein translation.
3. 03 3. Know basic principles of metabolism.
4. 04 4. Be able to search and interpret multidisciplinary scientific articles.
5. 05 5. Be able to comprehend the basics of nucleic acids and DNA technology, biochemistry lab techniques.
6. 06 Understand major metabolic pathways of the body, enzymes involved and their functioning mechnaisms

Course Syllabus

Reference Books & Course Materials

1. 01 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY by VOET, VOET, PRATT, Upgrade Edition, ISBN:0-471-41759-9
2. 02 Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry by Murray et al., McGraw Hill, 29th Ed.
3. 03 Lehninger's Principle of Biochemistry

Learning Outcomes

1. L01 Student must be able to explain the main products of glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETC and how these products contribute to the production of ATP SOLO 3
2. L02 Students must be able to summarize different ways of regulating and controlling metabolic pathways SOLO 4
3. L03 Students must be able to compare and describe the different categories of carbohydrates and lipids, including their functions SOLO 3.5
4. L04 Students must be able to describe and outline the purpose and steps of gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, including their regulatory steps SOLO 3
5. L05 Student must be able to explain the steps of lipid metabolism, including the significance of bile and transport of various lipids via lipoproteins SOLO 3
6. L06 Students must be able to describe and outline the steps of glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETC SOLO 3
7. L07 Students must be able to outline the beta oxidation of fatty acids, based on the number of carbons in the fatty acid molecules and describe the importance of carnitine in this process SOLO 3
8. L08 Students must be able to explain different biochemical processes like transamination and deamination in amino acid metabolism, including the significance and steps of the urea cycle SOLO 3
9. L09 Students must be able to outline the steps of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis, including deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. SOLO 3
10. L10 Students must be able to describe the regulatory steps of nucleotide synthesis and metabolism. SOLO 3

Program Outcomes

1. P01 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to describe the human body systems and functions and relations to the dentofacial system, recognize pathological conditions, list the preventive measures and express clearly their necessity and importance and act as competent, creative, and ethical practitioners who communicate effectively and view the human organism as an integrated whole.
2. P02 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to specialize in the main branches of dentistry, apply ethical and legal standards in research, design and implement scientific projects, and engage in lifelong professional development to contribute to contemporary dentistry.
3. P03 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of oral and dental diseases, perform accurate and differential diagnoses, and apply preventive and therapeutic approaches in accordance with national and international standards.
4. P04 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to effectively use science and technology in dental practice, operate dental equipment and materials safely, apply aseptic and antiseptic principles, and manage anesthesia procedures and possible complications.
5. P05 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to follow current scientific literature, principles of evidence-based dentistry, critically interpret new information, continuously update their theoretical and practical knowledge, and apply evidence-based knowledge to clinical practice, maintain a lifelong commitment to professional growth and learning while embracing lifelong learning.
6. P06 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to efficiently use dental technical instruments and materials for accurate diagnosis and treatment, identify rules of operation and management while maintaining high standards of hygiene and safety.
7. P07 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to critically evaluate and integrate knowledge from various health disciplines, analyze patient data, and perform comprehensive differential diagnoses through interdisciplinary collaboration.
8. P08 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to design and implement scientific research projects, collect and manage patient data accurately, analyze findings objectively, and contribute to scientific advancement in dentistry.
9. P09 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to demonstrate responsibility and problem-solving skills by diagnosing, differentiating, and developing appropriate treatment plans for various oral, periodontal, and maxillofacial conditions.
10. P10 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to communicate effectively and empathetically with patients, offer and implement the best treatment options, and adhere to legal and ethical responsibilities during dental practice.
11. P11 The students graduating from the program of dentistry will be able to promote preventive oral health care, uphold ethical and social responsibility, and contribute to community well-being through leadership, education, and public engagement.

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