PHARMACOGNOSY-II

Course Description

Pharmacognosy II course is designed to provide detailed information about botanical an chemical properties and therapeutical uses of crude drugs which contain steroidal and triterpenoid saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids (according to amino acids they derived from), tropane, isoquinoline, quinoline, indole alkaloids, imidazole alkaloids and purine bases, terpenoid alkaloids, volatile oils and fixed oils as their active constituents. Pharmacognosy II Lab comprises the examination of microscopical characters of powdered crude drugs containing cardiac glycosides(digitalis), tropane alkaloids (belladonna,hyoscyamus), quinoline and isoquinoline alkaloids ( cinchona and ipecac), volatile oil( aniseed, minth, sage) and fixed oil (linseed). Extraction and TLC examination of alkaloids, identification of tropane alkaloids(Vitali-Morin Reaction), volumetric determination of volatile oil and extraction of fixed oil are also included.

PHARMACOGNOSY-II

Evaluation Tools (Active Term)

No evaluation items have been defined.

Course outcomes

1. 01 Evaluate plant kingdom as souce of drugs
2. 02 Analyze qualitative and quantitative determination of alkaloids and volatile oil
3. 03 Interprete basic metabolic pathways of alkaloids and volatile oils
4. 04 Evaluate the importance of alkaloid and volatile oil containing drugs
5. 05 Critisize between the relations of uses of plant drugs with their chemical constituents

Course Syllabus

Reference Books & Course Materials

1. 01 Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy (2009) William C. Evans, 16th ed. Saunders Elsevier, Edinburgh, London, New York , Philadelphia
2. 02 Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy(2013) Micheal Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth Williamson, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier
3. 03 Powdered Vegatable Drugs (1968) Betty Jacksoni Derek W. Snowden J. & A. Churchill Ltd. London
4. 04 Microscopic characterization of Botanical Medicines (2011) R. Upton, Alison Graff, G. Jolliffe, R. Langer, E. Williamson, D. Swisher, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group

Learning Outcomes

1. L01 Recognize the chemical structure, production and uses of steroid and triterpenoid saponins which are found in vegetable drugs. Realize the importance of these drugs in Pharmacy SOLO 3
2. L02 Recognize the chemical structure and uses of Cardiac glycosides in pharmacy SOLO 3
3. L03 Recognize the structure of various different group of alkaloids and learn the extraction and identification methods of alkaloid. Recognize the uses of alkaloid containing drugs. SOLO 3
4. L04 Learn the physico-chemical properties and production methods of volatile oils and recognize volatile oil containing drugs and their uses in pharmacy SOLO 3
5. L05 Learn the physico-chemical properties and production methods of lipids and recognize lipid containing drugs and their uses in pharmacy SOLO 3
6. L06 Recognize the physico-chemical properties and production methods of balsam and resins and learn their uses in pharmacy SOLO 3
7. L07 Recognize the microscopical characters of powdered vegetable drug SOLO 3
8. L08 Execute the extraction of active constituents of vegetable drugs usıng dıfferent methods SOLO 3
9. L09 Recognize the thin layer chromatography of active constituents found in vegetable drugs SOLO 3
10. L10 1. Classifed the volatile oil and alkaloid containing plant drugs according to their chemical contents SOLO 3
11. L11 2. Characterize the botanical characters of alkaloid,volatile oil and fixed oil containing drugs SOLO 3
12. L12 3. Apply methods for the isolation of alkaloids SOLO 3
13. L13 4. Apply methods for the disstillation of volatile oil SOLO 3
14. L14 5. Analyze the alkaloid contents of vegetable drugs by thin layer chromatography SOLO 4
15. L15 6. Evaluate the therapeutic uses of carbohydrate and glycoside containing drugs SOLO 5

Program Outcomes

1. P01 Gain the ability to apply the Pharmacy profession.
2. P02 Interpret the accuracy and reliability of the current theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of pharmacy, as well as being able to follow and evaluate innovations.
3. P03 Practically apply the knowledge they gain on pharmaceutical sciences. The acquired knowledge and skills allow the graduates to act as the closest health consultant to the public with the ability to inform the public.
4. P04 Evaluate and apply current technology related to basic subjects and principles covering pharmacy and health sciences and take part in in-service training seminars.
5. P05 Know the risks and evaluation of the use of drugs and other chemicals and safe laboratory practices (GMP).
6. P06 Acquire the ability to interpret the findings obtained by qualitative and quantitative measurements and to reach valid scientific results from the data.
7. P07 Prepare pharmaceuticals and provide guidance on the use of pharmaceutical products.
8. P08 Design research and develop projects related to pharmaceutical products; manage and share the results.
9. P09 Be competent to accurately and intelligibly communicate and transfer knowledge about prescription content and pharmaceutical products to the patient / user. The graduates are trained on taking necessary precautions for safe drug usage and encouraging rational drug use, as well as providing consultancy and supervision.
10. P10 Work in an interdisciplinary environment. Graduates can cooperate with other professional groups, participate in vocational training and activities, have proper knowledge and communication skills.
11. P11 Take part in social responsibility projects related to health. Graduates have awareness on sustainable environment and participate in activities and practices related to their profession.
12. P12 Open a community pharmacy, also work in hospital pharmacies, can work in different fields related with pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medical and herbal products, as well as production and quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. Takes part in the professional development of herself/himself, her/his colleagues and pharmacy students.
13. P13 Implements the legal and professional law and ethics as a health professional, in issues concerning public health.
14. P14 Knows and applies the processes related to drug design from natural or synthetic sources, as well as development, preparation, analysis and metabolism of drugs in the human body.

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