ADVANCED CLINICAL PHARMACY
- Course
- PSCI636 - ADVANCED CLINICAL PHARMACY
- Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Course Type
- Course
- Status
- Required
- Language
- English
- Credit
- 3
- ECTS
- 8
- T+P+L
- 3 + 0 + 0
- Course Coordinator(s)
- -
- Prerequisite
- -
Course Description
Clinical pharmacy is a branch of pharmacy that involves the provision of patient care with the use of medications to optimize the health outcomes of patients. The content of the course includes clinical pharmacy practices in community and hospital pharmacies, professional clinical pharmacy services in clinics such as cardiology, geriatrics, pediatrics, oncology, internal diseases, and infectious diseases, the role of the pharmacist in a multidisciplinary patient approach, and patient-based drug counseling. The activities of Drug Information Centers, Central Antineoplastic Drug Preparation, and Total Parenteral Nutrition Units are included in the scope of the course. The lectures in the course are conducted in a case-based discussion format.
ADVANCED CLINICAL PHARMACY
Evaluation Tools (Active Term)
No evaluation items have been defined.
Course outcomes
No course outcomes have been defined yet.
Course Syllabus
| Week | Topic |
|---|---|
| Week 1 | Differential Diagnosis |
| Week 2 | Clinical Reasoning |
| Week 3 | HYPERTENSION-I. Mr FH, a 48-year-old van driver, was identified by his general practitioner (GP) as having a resting blood pressure of 162/92 mmHg. He was in reasonably good health and purchased over-the-counter (OTC) ibuprofen 400 mg, which he took up to three times daily for arthritis-type pain when necessary. He weighed 95 kg, was 170 cm tall, and had a resting pulse rate of 82 beats per minute (bpm). He smoked 15 cigarettes per day and drank at least 6 units on 4 nights each week. His total cholesterol (TC) had been measured as 5.9 mmol/L and his high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as 1.5 mmol/L (TC:HDL ratio 4.5). |
| Week 4 | HYPERTENSION-II. Month 3 Mr FH had had his blood pressure recorded twice more and the values had been recorded as 160/91 mmHg and 164/92 mmHg. His GP decided to start Mr FH on ramipril |
| Week 5 | HYPERTENSION-III. Mr FH continued to visit his medical centre at 2-monthly intervals, but his blood pressure remained raised, despite the prescribed ramipril. Nine months later, Mr FH was admitted to the Acute Medical Assessment Unit of the local hospital, having collapsed at work with chest pains, which resolved rapidly after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He admitted that he had been getting chest pains on exertion for ‘a couple of months’. His blood pressure was measured as 165/99 mmHg. His haematology and biochemistry results were as follows: • Sodium 140 mmol/L (135–145) • Potassium 4.9 mmol/L (3.5–5) • Creatinine 130 micro mol/L (<110) • Haemoglobin 11.2 g/dL (12–18) • TC 7.1 mmol/L • Blood glucose 4.1 mmol/L • Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 6.7% His current therapy was: I. Ramipril 5 mg daily II. Paracetamol 1 g four times daily when required III. Simvastatin 10 mg daily IV. Aspirin 75 mg daily He admitted to continuing to buy OTC ibuprofen and not being terribly compliant with his statin therapy. |
| Week 6 | ARTICLE PRESENTATION & GROUP DISCUSSION |
| Week 7 | JOURNAL SELECTION & GROUP DISCUSSION |
| Week 8 | TYPE-2-DIABETES MELLITUS-I. Mr KB, a 61-year-old builder, made an appointment with his GP because he had felt increasingly tired over the last few weeks and it was starting to affect his work. He also complained of feeling thirsty and of going to the toilet frequently to urinate, especially during the night, which was unusual for him. His late mother had a history of type 2 diabetes. The GP dipped his urine, which was positive for glucose but not ketones and a trace of protein. His random blood sugar was 11.5 mmol/L and his blood pressure (BP) 156/90 mmHg. He rarely came to see the GP. His previous medical history was osteoarthritis of the knee, for which he was taking the following medications: ▸ Diclofenac 50 mg orally three ▸ Omeprazole 20 mg orally daily times daily after food for gastroprotection. |
| Week 9 | TYPE-2-DIABETES MELLITUS-II. The GP asked Mr KB to come back for a fasting blood glucose test the next morning. Day 4 His fasting blood glucose was reported as 8.1 mmol/L (reference range 6.0–7.0). An appointment was made for Mr KB to see the clinical pharmacist (a non-medical prescriber) to discuss the result. Day 7 The clinical pharmacist explained to Mr KB that his reported symp- toms plus one fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L confirmed a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (as per World Health Organization criteria). A thorough explanation of the cause of diabetes and how it can be managed was given. Mr KB was shocked and upset by the diagnosis, but was keen to understand what he could do to help himself feel better. The clinical pharmacist discussed his diet and lifestyle and what impact this would have on his condition. Mr KB admitted to smoking 20–30 cigarettes per day, drinking 40 units of alcohol a week, eating lots of sugary and fatty foods and doing little physical activity. He was obese, with a weight of 105 kg (body mass index (BMI) 32) and a waist circum- ference of 124 cm. His BP was 152/96 mmHg. |
| Week 10 | TYPE-2-DIABETES MELLITUS-III. Mr KB was advised to start modifying his diet and to increase his physical activity, building up to at least 30 minutes five times per week. He was also given a file of written information and leaflets about type 2 diabetes, diet, exercise and diabetes-related complications to reinforce the discussions. He consented to being referred to the primary care dietitian, for which he was asked to complete a food diary. He was also referred to the Structured Education Programme and for retinopathy screening, as well as being advised to make an appointment with an optician for a visual acuity test, and to notify his car insurance company of the diagnosis. A follow-up appointment was arranged for 1 month later. |
| Week 11 | - |
| Week 12 | - |
| Week 13 | - |
| Week 14 | - |
| Week 15 | - |
Reference Books & Course Materials
No reference books have been listed.
Learning Outcomes
No learning outcomes have been defined.
Program Outcomes
No program outcomes have been defined.
Po-Lo Matrix
The PO-LO matrix has not been populated yet.